The life cycle of this parasite does not include an intermediate host. Aspects of the morphology of the parasitic copepod lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758 and notes on its distribution in africa by jenny robinson and a. Pdf investigation of a parasitic outbreak of lernaea cyprinacea. Pdf effect of the infestation by lernaea cyprinacea. It is most common in cyprinids, including koi, common carp, and goldfish. Approximately 110 species of lernaeids lernaea and lernaea like parasites have been described. In the present study, lernaean parasite lernaea cyprinacea or called.
The only cosmopolitan species is lernaea cyprinacea, which can infect a variety of freshwater fishes. Nwfhs laboratory procedures manual second edition, june 2004 chapter 8 page 5 trematoda. It has anchors that can penetrate the tissues below the skin of the host fish. Also this is the first report of occurrence of adult female of l. This study describes the hematological alterations in astyanax altiparanae associated with infestation with lernaea cyprinacea. Eggs hatch to produce free living juvenile parasites, which eventually molt to produce adult stages 9, 10. These behaviors are driven by copepod eyes, including naupliar eyes and gicklhorns organs, which vary widely in structure and function among species. Lernaea cyprinacea is a lernaeid copepod also known as anchor worm. Experiments on the control of anchor worm lernaea cyprinacea. Lernaea species occur on all continents, with the majority in africa. Investigation of a parasitic outbreak of lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus. We used the nominal species lernaea cyprinacea and lernaea cruciata to test.
The nonnative parasitic anchor worm lernaea cyprinacea may induce anaemia, malformations, reduced growth and increased susceptibility to secondary infection to its hosts. Incidence of lernaea cyprinacea on lake malawi bagrus. Lernaea cyprinacea in common carp and other warm water fi shes is one of the major problems of aquaculture industry in serbia. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. The introduction of invasive species is one of the greatest threats currently faced by natural ecosystems, causing ecological imbalances between native populations and transmission of a variety of diseases. The species of lernaea has nine stages in the life cycle, including three free living naupliar stages. First record of lernaea cyprinacea northwestern romanian. Pdf population dynamics of copepods lernaea cyprinacea. Lernaea cyprinacea anchor worm, a parasitic cyclopoid copepod is found to parasitize in the broodstock, nursery, and culture system in the freshwater aquaculture ponds and hatchery of jessore. Lernaea is unusual, however, as most common copepod species are free living and do not cause disease. Trypanosoma cryptobia, trypanoplasma free, babesiosoma, dactylosoma, haemogregaerina in red blood cells, rarely kudoa, sphaerospora. In its copepodid stages it has the normal body form as other copepods.
Lernaea cyprinacea pdf fulltext a note on lernaea cyprinacea crustacea, copepoda, lernaeidae parasitizing the cultured sailfin molly poecilia latipinna and their control. Abstract the lernaeid copepod lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758, was found attached to. The naupliar stages are nonfeeding and moult to infective copepodids in about 4 days. Infested fish were offfood, restlessness, anemic, rubbing themselves against hard objects, accumulated at the water inlet, abnormal swimming and severe respiratory manifestation. Lernaea infestation on fishes in western australia. Female lernaea attach to host by deeply burrowing into the tissues with the highly modified anchorshaped anterior end. Aspects of the morphology of the parasitic copepod lernaea. Abstractcopepod crustaceans are an abundant and ecologically significant group whose basic biology is guided by numerous visually guided behaviors. Because lernaea is a copepod and crustacean, it is related to crabs, lobsters, and shrimp, all of which have a multistage life cycle figure 1. The cosmopolitan copepod lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758, known as anchor worm, has been introduced to almost every continent along with cyprinids, and has been recorded in hundreds of freshwater fishes piasecki et al. The freeliving cyclopoids are hugely abundant in freshwater and anyone. New host records for lernaea cyprinacea copepoda, a. While ectoparasites found in g malang restaurant was lernaea cyprinacea. Lernaea cyprinacea, one of the more common species.
Approximately species of lernaeids lernaea and lernaea like parasites have been described. Life history study on lernaea cyprinacea showed that the first copepodid stage appeared 34 days after hatching and there are six copepodid stages similar to. Lernaea cyprinacea is an introduced parasitic copepod found on the skin and gills of freshwater fishes in many areas of the world. Approximately species of lernaeids lernaea and lernaealike parasites have been described. Adult females carry their eggs in sacs outside their body fig. Lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758, the anchor worm, is reported parasitising a highly threatened anabantid fish, sandelia bainsii, which is endemic to the eastern cape province of south africa. Acipenser stellatus, adult lernaea cyprinacea, gills, caspian sea. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. The species asellina, a saltwaterform, has since become the type of the genus medesicaste, while the species salmonea, a freshwaterform, is the type of the genus. It appears that the species in western australia is most likely to be l. Identification of putative genes involved in parasitism in. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Lernaea cyprinacea smithsonian environmental research center. Argulus japonicus and lernaea cyprinacea were exotic species from japan.
Sample collection and identification of lernaea cyprinacea and l. Pdf infestation of fish by the crustacean ectoparasite lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758 was investigated to. The copepod lernaea cyprinacea was presumably cointroduced to. Yet little is known about the molecular aspects of copepod vision. Immature forms of females and males are free swimming.
The free swimming, juvenile female is much smaller than the adult. Introduction polyculture of carp is commonly believed to result in higher production due to exploitation of multiple trophic niches by these fishes. First molecular data for lernaea cyprinacea copepoda. The presence of this parasite on sturgeon fishes has not previously been reported in all over the world.
This species is considered one of the most invasive ectoparasites on fishes, with a worldwide distribution. On one of the hosts, approximately 20 lernaea specimens were counted. Th e optimal temperature range for lernaea development is 2628c. Infestations with lernaea are most prevalent in the summer months and occur more commonly in stagnant or slowmoving water bodies. Murat river, cyprinion macrostomus, lernaea cyprinacea, copepoda. Measurement data of water quality and quantity ectoparasites were analyzed using spss 16 program. Box 524, johannesburg 2000, republic of south africa abstract a morphological study on the ectoparasite lernaea cyprinacea. The appendages and mouthparts of the free swimming female are the same as in the mature form, except the antennule has a 5th segment separated. The genus lernaa was founded by linneeus in 1758, in the tenth edition of his systema natune, with the three species, cyprinacea, asellina, and salmonea p. The juvenile stages can live without a host for at least five days. Mer mosharraf hossain, jannatul ferdoushi and ariful haque rupom abstract lernaea cyprinacea anchor worm, a parasitic cyclopoid copepod is found to parasitize in the broodstock, nursery, and culture system in the freshwater aquaculture ponds and hatchery of jessore regions. The infections were located on a soft part of the dorsal and anal fins regions. Although organisms belonging to this group have complex life cycles, they do not need to pass through an intermediate host. Molecular characterization of copepod photoreception the.
Morphology is not a reliable taxonomic tool for the genus lernaea. The objectives of this study were to i compile a list of the host species of l. The species has nine stages in the life cycle, including three free. It has nine stages in its life cycle, including three free living naupliar stages, five copepodites stages and one adult stage hoffman, 1999. We reported the interaction between two exotic species given by the parasitic infestation of the copepod lernaea cyprinacea in the early stages of the development of the american bullfrog. Morphology is not a reliable taxonomic tool for the genus.
Pdf biology of anchor worms lernaea cyprinacea researchgate. Philometra nodulosa in suckers and buffalo fishes copepoda. The parasite is extremely difficult to control because only the free living larvae are susceptible to treatment. Abstract the nonnative parasitic anchor worm lernaea cyprinacea may induce anaemia. Lernaea cyprinacea f r ome hiep ct u, s k 57 common and easily caught using hook and line. Complete elimination of anchor worms was achieved by the use of 0. Avenantoldewage1 department of zoology, rand afrikaans university, p. It was introduced to brazil some years ago with hungarian carp pavanelli et al. Lernaea cyprinacea, one of the more common species, is found worldwide. Cyprinodontidae by the copepod lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758, in the south platte river, nebraska.
Parasitic crustaceans in fishes from some philippine lakes. There is little information on the genome sequence of lernaea cyprinacea a major ectoparasite of freshwater fish throughout the world. Major and chinese carps are reared under semiintensive culture conditions in. Lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758 lernaeidae is an important freshwater fish parasite which has a wide geographical range. Distribution of the exotic parasite, lernaea cyprinacea. Pdf on apr 9, 2020, driss belghyti and others published population dynamics of copepods lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus, 1758 tilapia parasites from the senegal rivermauritania find, read and. Effect of the infestation by lernaea cyprinacea linnaeus. Lernaea species, commonly known as anchorworms, are crustacean, copepod parasites that can infect and cause disease and mortality in many types of freshwater fishes, especially wildcaught and pondraised species. In 2016 and 2017, we collected 517 fish specimens belonging to 5 species carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, erythroculter ilishaeformis, gambusia holbrooki, squaliobarbus curriculus from six locations, comprising wild, farmed and captive fish populations table 1. Pdf lernaea cyprinacea anchor worm, a parasitic cyclopoid. Lernaea cyprinacea, about 64% of the total examined fish. Lernaea has also been reported to infest amphibians. In the nauplius stages the lernaea cyprinacea has a transparent or light green color. Copepoda is a parasite of freshwater fishes in various regions of the world and it is often called anchor worm.
Pdf hematological alterations in astyanax altiparanae. Life history study on lernaea cyprinacea showed that the first copepodid stage appeared 34 days after hatching and there are six copepodid stages similar to those reported in other studies on this species. The parasite has not previously been reported in western australia. Argulus japonicus is a species of ectoparasite was founds in b batu restaurant and i dau restaurant. Guppy poecilia poeciliidae fish naturally infected with lernaea.
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